Disability vs. Disadvantage : Concept and Definition
Terminology related to disability and disadvantage is often confused. In this framework,the main objective of this module is to present the definitions of ‘disability’ and ‘disadvantage’ in the context of promoting inclusive mobility and lifelong learning, especially in adulthood.
As well as addressing definitions, the module will look generally at the different types of disability and more specifically at their implications for lifelong learning, with an emphasis on Specific Educational Needs. By understanding the definitions, concepts and types of disability, it will be possible to sensitise learners, mentors, facilitators, trainees and society in general to this issue, regardless of each individual’s abilities, background or experiences.
Addressing both disability and disadvantage requires more than just accommodations; it involves understanding how various social, economic, and physical barriers intersect and affect people. In this way this module aims to equip facilitators/trainers who will work in different institutions or with individuals in a particular way, as communication mediators, taking into account different types of audiences. To enable facilitators and trainers to understand and act inclusively in the face of human diversity especially in relation to people with disabilities.
Key learning objectives:
- Distinguish between the concepts of Disability and Disadvantage;
- Master the concepts and types of disability;
- Acquire knowledge of the different profiles of people with specific needs;
- Recognise the particularities of different contexts
What is Disability?
Disability is a physical, mental, intellectual, or sensory impairment that affects an individual’s ability to perform everyday activities. Disabilities can be congenital (present from birth) or acquired due to illness, injury, or aging. They may be permanent or temporary, and their impact varies depending on the individual and their environment.
Disabilities are often classified into different categories, including:
- Physical disabilities (e.g., mobility impairments, paralysis)
- Sensory disabilities (e.g., blindness, deafness)
- Intellectual and cognitive disabilities (e.g., Down syndrome, learning disorders)
- Psychological disabilities (e.g., anxiety disorders, schizophrenia)
What is Disadvantage?
Disadvantage is a situation or condition that makes it harder for a person to succeed or participate fully in society. Disadvantages can be caused by social, economic, environmental, or structural barriers and are not limited to people with disabilities.
Examples of disadvantages include:
- Economic disadvantage: Growing up in poverty with limited access to education or healthcare
- Social disadvantage: Experiencing discrimination based on gender, race, or class
- Geographical disadvantage: Living in a remote area with limited job opportunities
- Health-related disadvantage: Chronic illnesses that limit work or study opportunities
Key Differences Between Disability and Disadvantage
Aspect | Disability | Disadvantage |
|---|---|---|
Definition | A physical, mental, or sensory impairment affecting daily activities. | A condition or circumstance that creates barriers to success or participation. |
Cause | Medical, genetic, environmental, or accidental factors. | Social, economic, environmental, or policy-related factors. |
Scope | Related to an individual’s abilities or health. | Can affect anyone, regardless of health or ability. |
Permanence | Often permanent but can be temporary in some cases. | Can change based on opportunities, support, or policies. |
Example | A person with a hearing impairment. | A student from a low-income family lacking access to technology. |
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While disability and disadvantage are not the same, they can be connected. A person with a disability may face disadvantages if they encounter barriers such as inaccessible buildings, lack of assistive technology, or workplace discrimination. However, with proper accommodations and inclusive policies, a disability does not have to become a disadvantage.
For example:
- A student with dyslexia (disability) may be disadvantaged if their school does not provide learning accommodations.
- A person using a wheelchair may not be disadvantaged if their city has accessible transportation and buildings.
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Disability refers to a condition affecting an individual’s physical or mental functioning, while disadvantage refers to social, economic, or environmental barriers that hinder success. Not all disabilities lead to disadvantages, and not all disadvantages are caused by disabilities. Reducing disadvantages requires inclusion, accessibility, and equal opportunities for all individuals, regardless of their abilities.
What we can do to prevent disability from becoming a disadvantage:
- Accessible buildings & public spaces
- Inclusive education and workplace policies
- Assistive technology & support services
- Anti-discrimination laws & awareness campaigns
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Understanding Disadvantage and Disability
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